The most important speeches on both sides of the question have been reprinted in Joseph Clarke Robert's
The Road from Monticello, Duke University Press, Durham, N.C., 1941, appendix A, pp. 57-112.
There'd already been a stronger movement for secession in the US with that of New England during the War of 1812. The facts are laid out clearly in the Journal and Report of the Hartford Convention. (Reproduced in Theodore White,
History of the Hartford Convention, Russell, Odiorne & Co., Boston, 1833, republished by Da Capo Press, New York, 1970, pp. 352-399.
This Convention met at the end of 1814 and adjourned in early 1815 to protest against an unjust and unnecessary war imposed by Southern politicians upon the commercial section of the Union. For New England desired peace & trade with Great Britain and Canada. Secession from the Union was actually contemplated. Breakup of the Union was avoided because President James Madison saw the danger before the situation degenerated too far, and successfully negotiated the Treaty of Ghent.
The most prominent antebellum text writers on the United States Constitution in the North and the South had no difficulty in conceding a constitutional right of the several States to secede from the Union. St. George Tucker, Professor of Law at the College of William & Mary, and Justice of the Virginia Supreme Court, prepared an annotated edition of Blackstone's
Commentaries on the Laws of England,published by Birch & Small of Philadelphia in 1803, , and widely used by the legal profession in the United States.
In Appendix D in the 1st volume of his edition, on page 187, Judge Tucker concluded that each State of the Union is
"still soveriegn, still independent, and still capable, should the situation require, to resume the exercise of its functions in the most unlimited extent."
The same right of secession was expounded by Wm. Rawles, appointed by President George Washington as United States Attorney in Pennsylvania, in his
View of the Constitution of the United States, first edition published by Carey & Lea of Philadelphia in 1825, 2nd edition published by Philip Nicklin of Philadelphia in 1829.
The last chapter of
both editions, Rawles concluded that
any State may wholly withdraw from the Union."
This text was used for instruction at West Point, and it was highly recommended for professional and scholarly use as late as 1859.
Many Northern newspapers editorialized in 1860 & '61 that the Southern States should be allowed to withdraw from the Union in peace.
Less than 2 weeks after the election of Lincoln as President, the
Cincinnati Daily Press heralded, "
We believe that the right of any member of this Confederacy to dissolve its political relations with the others and assume an independent position is absolute."/u] Editorials such as these continued up to and included the day after Jefferson Davis was inaugurated provisional President of the Confederate States, and the
Detroit Free Press editorialized,
"An attempt to subjugate the seceded States, even if successful, could produce nothing but evil, -evil unmitigated in character, and appalling in extent."
Regarding this respectable political sentiment, well founded in legal scholarship, it's impossible to make a fair argument that the war was caused by secession in 1860 and 1861. Both sides agreed that secession from the Union was reserved to the several States, and a war cannot be fought over a question on which both sides agree.
In fact, peaceful secession of the Southern States would probably have been in the best interests of all concerned, for power would be more equally distributed across North America today,
if the Confederate States, the United States, and the Dominion of Canada occupied the continental expanse above the Rio Grande. Each confederacy would then protect the traditions and culture of a distinct civilization, yet all three unions could interact productivily by treaties of commerce and alliance, while counterbalancing each other from excess.
Therefore the war was not necessary to maintain sound continental order. On the contrary, the breakup of the United States was certainly foreseen in the Philadelphia Convention as a natural and inevitable event. For Nathaniel Gorham of Massachusetts had served as President of Congress under the Articles of Confederation, and as Chairman of the Committee of the Whole in the Philadelphia Convention. And to emphasize the obvious, Gorham casually asked a rhetorical question during deliberations on August 7, 1787:
"Can it be supposed that this vast country, including the western territory, will one hundred fifty years hence be one nation?"
(The comment is preserved in Madison's Notes. See Jonathan Elliot (ed.)
Debates on the Federal Constitution J.P. Lippincott & Co., Philadelphia, 1859, Vol. 5, p. 392.
Many comments above are paraphrased from the book:
BLOOD MONEY The CIVIL WAR and the FEDERAL RESERVE, John Remington Graham Foreward By David Aiken, Pelican Publishing Company, Gretna, 2006
PIEWACKET1861